A Comparison between Odyssey, Beowulf, Knight in the Cart

The Odyssey is the product of a society in which the dominant role was played by men. In ancient Greece, just as in the whole of the ancient world, and in America and Western Europe until the last century, women occupied a subservient position. Society was organized and directed by men, and all of the most important enterprises were those which men arranged and implemented. Women were valued, but they participated in the affairs of the world only when they had the tacit or open approval and permission of the men who directed their lives.
The literature of this sort of masculine society, of which the Iliad and Odyssey are examples, aptly illustrates these social conventions. …